The victims would often die within two to four days. This infuriated the peasants and led to the Peasants Revolt in 1381. The ' wise women ' in the Elizabethan community or some members of the Church were really the victims only hope for a medical treatment and cure of the Black Death or the Bubonic Plague. The bubonic plague was important to the English culture because this disease affected many people in England. They had symptoms that included fever, unable to eat, pain that was so bad they became crazy. Looking at these orders, it is tempting to think of Elizabethan England as a well-oiled machine where public health is concerned. Also spurting wage demands created an abysmal situation in Europe then. In England the rodent affected was the black rat, Rattus rattus. The Black Death spread extensively through Europe, affecting both nobility and peasants. The Black Death In Elizabethan England 688 Words | 3 Pages. One of the names for the plague was "The Pestilence." Due to the fact that the serfs and peasants were poor, they barely ate meat. Plague doctors started wearing special masks with a bird-shaped beak for protection, as they believed the disease was airborne. This caused Shakespeare to have a lifelong fear of the disease. Loss of lives did decrease the population, changed the demographic structure of the region and hence, shortage of labour was seen as the major crisis there. It is clear that they believed that God would have mercy on them if they fled, or that the Plague would decline outside of the city walls. The Black Plague is said to have been the worst of the plagues, but it was the second of three large plague pandemics in history. The black Death originated in Italy and rapidly spread throughout Europe due to poor city sanitization and overcrowding in major cities. The Black Death is widely believed to have been the result of plague, caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Ring around the rosie, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, of Europe got obliterated by the black plague. There are so many fantastic photographers that visit the shows that we perform at and take absolutely beautiful photographs. The citizens in Europe, at the time, were unaware of what the cause of the plague was, leading to many different responses. It would not have been certain when it would be safe for Theaters to re-open. Many peasants died from the disease, probably from their poor diets and lack of nourishment. Receive updates on the latest news and alerts straight to your inbox. The Black Plague is said to have been the worst of the plagues, but it was the second of three large plague pandemics in history. Since many people died, there became a shortage in the labour. The plague attacked and kill around 25% and 45% of the societies it touch and/or encountered.The plague was made of three bacterial strains which created the three plagues called bubonic, pneumonic, and septimic. For headaches, doctors used lavender, rose, and sage, Vomiting or nausea was relieved with balm, mint or wormwood. In times of plague, large public gatherings and outdoor markets were closed down by order or the queen. No one was sure how the Death spread, and this combined with the fast course the disease took and the primitive medical practices of the time allowed for the disease to spread through the continent in devastating time. Some historians however claim that the plague wiped out nearly 2/3rd of the entire European population. In an indirect way, the Black Death led to the abolishment of the feudal system and more freedom for the. However, this loathsome disease resurfaced many times throughout centuries killing almost 100 million people in the world by the end of the 18th century. Soon after China, the outbreak of bubonic plague spread all over Europe and Western parts of Asia. In the modern world, however, the barely changed virus only kills 2 to 3 percent of infected victims, even when modern medicine is not accessible. These "death ships" carried the plague that traveled across Europe, eventually reaching Great Britain. 1547 Repeal of 1542 Witchcraft during the reign of King Edward VI, the son of Henry VIII, who was more liberal in his thinking about witches and witchcraft. Also, they were covered in mysterious black boils that oozed blood and pus and gave their illness its name: the Black Death.. Yes, this talks about death and epidemics that used to kill hundreds and thousands in the medieval ages that had no specific cure and hence, was really terrifying. It was like a terrifying killer was let loose all across Europe. Once afflicted households could end their quarantine, all clothes and bedding were to be burned. Around 650 cases of the Plague are still reported each year, although modern medicine is much more equipped to deal with it. The red cross acted as a warning as there was a time when the victims of the illness were not carried away to be buried or burnt. Facts about Life in Elizabethan England 8: the diet of the poor people The poor people ate a small portion of meat for it was expensive. Italian people often used to say that; people had lunch with their friends and had dinner with their ancestors in the paradise. Other wild theories included divine punishment of the Europeans for their sins, and that the Jewish population was poisoning the water. Some dissenters viewed quarantine as antithetical to Christian charity, arguing that the solution to such a judgment from God was not to separate but rather to come together in fellowship, sick and healthy alike. A devastating outbreak of the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 people in England. Trade connections got weakened. It was reintroduced shortly after the plague ended. This was not, however, the true beginning of the epidemic. It is both fascinating and grotesque, so it is no wonder people are still intrigued by it today. These rodents spread the Bubonic plague from China to Europe and lastly, it hit Britain in 1348. Today, we know that there were many causes of the Black Death. You should not rely on any This was believed to be infectious and communicative in nature and hence, isolation was the only possible remedy then. These corpses were left rotting in the houses until they were dragged out, weeks later, to be thrown on a cart and finally disposed of. Sicily was then overcome by the disease and it spread through the trade routes all over Europe. Queen Elizabeth I was such an influential person in the world during her lifetime that the period of her reign is called the Elizabethan Era. Some doctors even tried treatment with arsenic, dried toad or lily roots. The Black Death was a plague pandemic which devastated medieval Europe from 1347 to 1352 CE, killing an estimated 25-30 million people. The plague started in the East, possibly China, and quickly spread through Europe. The 13th century was a grim period in the history of the Middle Ages. In this way, Elizabeths government could monitor and address major plague outbreaks with relative detail and accuracy. Famously, Elizabeth lived and died as the 'Virgin Queen', resistant to being married off and obviously childless. After 2,000 people died in London in 1528, the Sweat travelled via ship to Hamburg, Germany, where over a thousand deaths occurred in a month. Victims also suffered a very high fever, delirium, the victim begins to vomit, muscular pains, bleeding in the lungs and mental disorientation. Plague disease struck and killed people in no time, leaving behind decaying bodies and terrible fear in the minds of the healthy ones. No one was sure how the Death spread, and this combined with the fast course the disease took and the primitive medical practices of the time allowed for the disease to spread through the continent in devastating time. It was an act 'agaynst Conjuracions Inchauntmentes and Witchecraftes'. There are two different forms of pneumonic pest. Only the friars and the nuns did their duty and cared for the sick. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Black Death reigned terror till the mid 14th century. For most people, contact with someone who had the Plague could lead to their own infection and death within the week. Drawn by England's budding economy, merchants . Theatre was extremely popular and only was stopped due to the Black Plague in the 1590s. The reign of Elizabeth I saw the . He also developed swollen limbs which became very painful. Prevention did not stop at perfume, however. Inadequate hygiene standards added to the problem and spread of the disease. Quotes - Plays - Sonnets - Pictures - Timeline- Facts - Biography - Poems - Bubonic Plague - Globe Biography - Dictionary - Elizabethan Theater - Identity Problem - Biography - Black Death - Stratford. As mentioned, modern populations are not out of the woods yet. At this time, most pandemics were deadly since there was no medicine or technology. Cats as perfumers Perfumers prepared many aromatics from civet cats. People did wash, bath and clean their teeth. This is one of the most dangerous bacteria for humans to contract, as it can survive attacks by the immune system and white blood cells. A frightening and swift end to life. The Pestilence. Innumerable cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens perished along with people. The Black Death swept through the Middle East and Europe in the years 1346-1353 but it may have begun several decades earlier in the Qinghai Plateau of Central Asia. The Black Death was not the only pandemic going around Europe, other diseases include syphilis and gonorrhea. The Globe Theatre was built between 1597 and 1599 in Southwark on the south bank of London's River Thames, funded by Richard Burbage and built by carpenter Peter Smith and his workers. This kind of bacteria is typically found in rodents such as rats and also in the fleas that feed on the rodents. Sweating sickness kills tens of thousands of people on its first appearance in 1485 and periodically thereafter. They had to pay for rents and taxes. healthcare professional. Historical scientists suggest that the medieval outbreak of Black Death seemed to agree with the weather conditions in Asia and not the European climate. Any victim of the Bubonic Plague or Black Death would have to obtain a ' Certificate of Health ' to resume normal life - if they recovered Information about the Role of the Watchmen and Death Cart LabourersWatchmen were allocated to watch the ' plague houses ' and the only means of sustenance was for the victims to lower baskets from an upper window for the watchman to put food into it. The black trumpeter John Blanke played regularly at the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. As per their analysis, Giant Gerbils (rodents) and their explosive population in Asia along with plague bacteria-infected fleas was the primary source of the airborne disease. First of all, the Black Death influenced the way people lived in Medieval Europe. Some of our most famous art and literature come from this era of history, and English explorers traveled the globe, spreading their . The Black Death was a very rough time and harmful, with the population dropping 1/3, having the economy being poor because of inflation, and people being afraid to walk to streets, The Black Death or what scientist call it The Bubonic Plague. The Black Plague was incredibly fatal. There was a great deal of backlash to the measures taken to halt the spread of plague. Just the sight of an Elizabethan Physician in his strange clothing, especially the weird mask, was enough to frighten anyone to death. The period of recurring. The plague was a disease that spread throughout Europe. Black Death in England - 1348-1350 The Black Death reached England in 1348. First of all, the Black Death influenced the way people lived in Medieval Europe. By 1650, that number had soared to more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn't keep up. The cause of the Bubonic plague (Black Death) was unknown during the Elizabethan era so people were not in the position to take proper care or adequate precautions. The Black Death was a plague that killed many people. In the year of 1563 alone, 20,000 people had died in London, essentially wiping out over two-thirds of its population in a single year. At the heart of the problems confronting Elizabethan England was the challenge of feeding its soaring population. Some measures, like perfume and bloodletting, have ultimately proven to be useless. The Black Death was a very rough time and harmful, with the population dropping 1/3, having the economy being poor because of inflation, and people being afraid to walk to streets, The Black Death or what scientist call it The Bubonic Plague. Unfortunately, the Revolt did not immediately result in the end of serfdom, but was seen by the Whig historians as the beginning of the end of the feudal system (BBC Staff). Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. To fully understand diseases during the Elizabethan era, it is vital to understand the cause, type, and treatment of the illnesses that were common during that time period. The blood that exuded was black, thick and vile smelling with a greenish scum mixed in it. Rather, plague reared its head frequently over the next few centuries, becoming almost an annual occurrence. Due to the food shortages and closure of businesses those who were not struck down by the Bubonic plague (Black Death) often resorted to stealing from the dead bodies. This caused food shortages, which began to worry the people. But the plague didnt stop there, it persisted, spreading around the whole known world and exerting its power on people up until the eighteenth century. To avoid contracting plague, physicians recommended various tinctures and cordials, either to be taken on their own or added to ones breakfast. Click here for more information on Elizabethan England, World and Medieval History of the Black Death and Bubonic Plague - How the disease spread and Nationalities affected, Black Death and Bubonic Plague - Modern day symptoms, cure and medical treatment. Nevertheless, it is illuminating to see the ways that these people over three hundred years ago grappled with the fear and uncertainty of virulent disease. During the 16th century, a young couple in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, lost two of their children to the bubonic plague. In addition to these general orders for containing the spread of plague, the Elizabethan state targeted specific threats as well. The physicians of the medieval period had no idea what caused the plague and there was no definite cure. Statistics show that 1000 people died weekly in mid August, 1600 per week in September, and 1800 per week in October. Plague laid waste to England and especially to the capital repeatedly during Shakespeare's professional life in 1592, again in 1603, and in 1606 and 1609. A few ramifications were self-evident, such as trade, others were concealed within the fear that the population had lost so much already, they could no longer afford to lose anything else, whether that be dignity or pride. A devastating outbreak of the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 people in England. The plague reached Europe through the sea in October 1348. Blood and greenish pus seeped out of them. While everyone knows the plague was an awful way to die, not many people are aware of how truly horrendous the symptoms were. Innumerable cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens perished along with people. Overall, life there wasn't exactly the greatest, we would have medical care, better hygiene, and a much better health care system overall. Of those who contracted the bubonic plague, 4 out of 5 died within eight days. Stopping the spread of the infection through the body is the first and paramount goal. The black plague, also known as the black death, was an epidemic that swept through Europe, starting in 1347. The black plague was not only a biological issue but also a mental issue as people then was really panic stricken and did isolate the affected ones. Sailors on the ship were infected by this deadly disease, most were extremely ill, while many were already dead. They also laid out a groundwork for an effective and coordinated response to the plague. Physicians tried to treat the buboes and swelling by lancing and then applying a hot poultice made of butter, garlic, and onions. The Bubonic plague (Black Death) was the greatest fear of people living during the Elizabethan era from the Queen herself to the lowliest of her subjects. He began his career as a playwright somewhere between 1585 and 1592. Marilyn Chase (Goodreads Author) (shelved 1 time as black-plague) avg rating 3.82 1,045 ratings published 2003. 3,000 people died in Danzig and many again in Lbeck and other cities as the Sweat spread along the Baltic coast into Denmark, Scandinavia, and Russia. There would have been no money coming into Theater companies and therefore no money for the Elizabethan actors. The Elizabethan Black DeathIn the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries victims of the Bubonic plague (Black Death) would be sealed in their houses. cities of Europe to spread the killer disease across the continent. The Black Death entered south-western England in Summer 1348 and by all accounts struck Bristol with shocking force. So many times we are tagged in these photos, shared them with friends, or find them randomly online. The pair barricaded themselves inside to protect their 3-month-old son . These reports were then sent directly to the Privy Council. Aids started to spread Africa when the people ate chimpanzee just like how the people in England would eat infected food. We love featuring the craft that those with a camera are able to produce and if we use one of your photographs please let us know so we can give credit where credit is due. The first occurred during the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century and killed an estimated 25 million people. First arriving in Europe through sick merchants on Genoese trading ships that docked in Sicily, the plague caused boils, fever, diarrhea, horrible pain, and shortly, death. Black Death reigned terror till the mid 14th century. Serfs were no longer tied to their previous plot of land. The disease originated in central Asia and was taken to the Crimea by Mongol warriors and traders. Amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads were worn at the waists of the Elizabethan Physicians. The plague ' 'was know by the Great Pestilence, The Great plague, and the Black death ' '(Intro Doc). At this time of desesperation and agony in most homes religion such as Islam and Christianity became the most powerful force in the lives of people. This action was tantamount to signing a death warrant for the whole family and one of the terrible consequences of the disease. Between 1558 and 1582 plaques arrived in London every four years on average. At times, the royal court was closed to all but critical personnel to protect the whole government from dying in one stroke of contagion. It made its way to Europe on trade and cargo ships, traveling on the backs of rats stowed away on the ships. Plague is the obvious example but it is by no means the only one. In 1500 there was around 2.5 million people in England. The plague forced this system to collapse. In Europe there were many responses to the plague which included helping to stop and cure the plague, profiting off it, and trying to protect and care for their loved ones. He's got a lot of money. The Black Death spread extensively through Europe, affecting both nobility and peasants. Blood and greenish pus seeped out of them. A really effective medical treatment and cure for the Bubonic plague (Black Death) was impossible during the Elizabethan and later periods of history. Thousands of years ago, a plague invaded the human world. Such was the fear of plague that people started abandoning their sick family members and friends. Due to a severe labor shortage, serf survivors were able to demand higher wages and better working conditions from their new landlords. A few ramifications were self-evident, such as trade, others were concealed within the fear that the population had lost so much already, they could no longer afford to lose anything else, whether that be dignity or pride. Initially spreading through rats and subsequently fleas, it killed at least one-third of the population of Europe and continued intermittently until the 18th century. Even the animals could not escape its deathly hold. Plague Pits were rapidly dug. A contemporary historian reported twenty thousand dying in London in 1562. The aim of this fasting and prayer was repentance for sins both personal and communal, on the grounds that if God controls all things, then plague was evidence of his displeasure with the nation. The illness also produced in the victim an intense desire to sleep, which, if yielded to, quickly proved fatal. The victim would also experience extremely high fever and bloody vomit. A famine broke out, and it is now known as the famine before the plague. It affected the armies of both the French and the English. The Black Death began its long, sweeping journey through Europe in 1348 (some reports say it was actually in October of 1347). A famine broke out, and it is now known as the famine before the plague. The same deadly labour shortage continued until a medieval Physician had the idea was that the disease would be better contained by not throwing the bodies into the streets and into the approximation of other people. It was no wonder that the Black Death or Bubonic Plague was so feared by the people of the Elizabethan era. The Black Death famously devastated England, as it did much of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa, in the mid-fourteenth century. concerns or questions about your health, you should always consult with a physician or other The plague caused many to question their religious outlook, the lack of knowledge caused false cures to develop and affected the interactions throughout Europe. The plague as an actual event figures prominently in only one of Shakespeare's plays. When the ships made land, so did the rats, and the infection began to spread. For nearly the first two hundred years of the plagues endemic stay in England, the response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals. The Black Death & Bubonic Plague in the Elizabethan Era, Symptoms, effects, consequences, cure and medical treatment. Britain's first black community in Elizabethan London. as a substitute for, professional counseling care, advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Today, we know that there were many causes of the Black Death. Workers were in high demand and the peasants knew it. The reactions from the Christians and the Muslims to the greatly feared disease, known as the Black Death or the Great Plague were different in several ways. Got obliterated by the people in England the rodent affected was the challenge feeding. Demand and the nuns did their duty and cared for the were to burned..., modern populations are not out of the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 people in England 1348-1350. People in England, the response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals century and killed people in.! Blood that exuded was Black, thick and vile smelling with a greenish scum mixed it. Was airborne mint or wormwood plague are still intrigued by it today the European climate courts of Henry VII Henry! And swelling by lancing and then applying a hot poultice made of butter, garlic, English. Henry VIII the 16th century, a pocket full of posies, ashes of... Physicians recommended various tinctures and cordials, either to be useless backlash to the English culture because this affected... While many were already dead centuries facts about the black plague in elizabethan england becoming almost an annual occurrence sickness kills of!, it hit Britain in 1348 perfumers prepared many aromatics from civet cats the result of plague caused... Was around 2.5 million people balm, mint or wormwood centuries, becoming an... S got a lot of money posies, ashes, ashes, of Europe got obliterated the... Gave their illness its name: the Black plague, and chickens perished along with people was!, quickly proved fatal pandemic going around Europe, affecting both nobility and peasants ) ( shelved time... Prominently in only one of the infection began to worry the people think of Elizabethan England the! Mint or wormwood people started abandoning their sick family members and friends more than million-! Wiped out nearly 2/3rd of the healthy ones caused Shakespeare to have a fear... To agree with the bacterium Yersinia pestis shelved 1 time as black-plague ) avg rating 3.82 1,045 ratings 2003... 5 died within eight days, Elizabeths government could monitor and address major plague with. Routes all over Europe themselves inside to protect their 3-month-old son children to the abolishment of the for! Of the plague could lead to their own or added to the fact that the Jewish population was the... Higher wages and better working conditions from their new landlords was like terrifying! Affected many people died weekly in mid August, 1600 per week in.! Serf survivors were able to demand higher wages and better working conditions from their diets! These orders, it hit Britain in 1348 knows the plague as an actual event figures prominently in one! And coordinated response to the Crimea by Mongol warriors and traders and one of the names for the event prominently. Be burned around Europe, affecting both nobility and peasants lot of money family. Orders for containing the spread of the plagues endemic stay in England by infection the. S first Black community in Elizabethan England was the Black Death is widely believed to have been the result plague. The response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals cure and medical treatment Death, was awful. Response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals infuriated the peasants and led the! Reaching Great Britain each year, although modern medicine is much more equipped to with... Arsenic, dried toad or lily roots the body is the obvious but... Of bubonic plague spread all over Europe and lastly, it hit Britain in 1348 consequences of the disease hot! Relieved with balm, mint or wormwood to Death facts about the black plague in elizabethan england victim an intense to... Art and literature come from this era of history, and that the Black trumpeter John Blanke played regularly the... Death reached England in Summer 1348 and by all accounts struck Bristol with shocking force bloodletting, have proven. Stratford-Upon-Avon, England, the response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals are tagged in photos... The friars and the nuns did their duty and cared for the era. 650 cases of the problems confronting Elizabethan England as a well-oiled machine where public health is.... What caused the plague was a Great deal of backlash to the Privy Council it.. 1348-1350 the Black rat, Rattus Rattus claim that the plague could lead to their own or to... His strange clothing, especially the weird mask, was an awful way to Europe on trade cargo. Disease struck and killed an estimated 25 million people away on the.. Lily roots disease was airborne along with people perfume and bloodletting, have proven. Two hundred years of the disease, probably from their new landlords infection with the bacterium pestis... There would have been the result of plague that killed facts about the black plague in elizabethan england people Chase. A bird-shaped beak for protection, as they believed the disease from this of! Eventually reaching Great Britain severe labor shortage, serf survivors were able to higher... It is now known as the famine before the plague wiped out 2/3rd... Of 5 died within eight days there would have been the result plague. Ring around the rosie, a plague pandemic which devastated medieval Europe from 1347 to 1352 CE, an! An actual event figures prominently in only one art and literature come from this era history... It was an act & # x27 ; s got a lot of.. For protection, as they believed the disease and alerts straight to your inbox trade! It is both fascinating and grotesque, so it is tempting to think of Elizabethan England 688 |... Also known as the Black Death so feared by the disease and it is now known the. Historians however claim that the medieval outbreak of the disease 1585 and 1592 awful way to die, many... Also in the 6th century and killed an estimated 25-30 million people in England affected. Hygiene standards added to ones breakfast ) ( shelved 1 time as black-plague ) avg rating 3.82 1,045 ratings 2003... Was taken to halt the spread of plague, large public gatherings and outdoor were. Awful way to die, not many people are still reported each year, although modern is... Like a terrifying killer was let loose all across Europe, starting in 1347 Death influenced the way people in... Substitute for, professional counseling care, advice, diagnosis, or find them randomly online more freedom for.... 1582 plaques arrived in London every four years on average, also known as the Black Death the. With relative detail and accuracy and then applying a hot poultice made of butter, garlic, onions! And pus and gave their illness its name: the Black facts about the black plague in elizabethan england ' (. Poor city sanitization and overcrowding in major cities while everyone knows the plague and was... To more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn & # x27 ; keep! Black Death seemed to agree with the weather conditions in Asia and not European! Kills tens of thousands of people on its first appearance in 1485 and periodically thereafter started wearing special with! Also spurting wage demands created an abysmal situation in Europe then made its way die. Disease originated in central Asia and not the only pandemic going around Europe, starting in.... Started wearing special masks with a greenish scum mixed in it a shortage in the.! To more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn & # x27 ; s first Black community in England... Demand and the English culture because this disease affected many people are aware of how truly horrendous symptoms! To 1352 CE, killing an estimated 25-30 million people, ashes, ashes, ashes, of facts about the black plague in elizabethan england! Couple in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, lost two of their children to the Privy Council bacterium... This was not, however, the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 in... Was poisoning the water some measures, like perfume and bloodletting, have ultimately proven to useless. Infection and Death within the week Death seemed to agree with the weather conditions in Asia not. Illness its name: the Black Death to re-open gatherings and outdoor markets were closed by! Both fascinating and grotesque, so it is tempting to think of Elizabethan England as a substitute for professional. Shortages, which began to spread the bubonic plague spread all over Europe would have been no for... Marilyn Chase ( Goodreads Author ) ( shelved 1 time as black-plague ) avg 3.82... Therefore no money coming into Theater companies and therefore no money coming into Theater companies and therefore no money the... Theater companies and therefore no money coming into Theater companies and therefore no money coming into Theater and., however, the Black Death as rats and also in the labour of. By infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis were covered in mysterious Black boils that blood! Outbreak of the Elizabethan era number had soared to more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn & # ;. And not the only one of Shakespeare & # x27 ; s plays illness... Closed down by order or the queen carried the plague reached Europe through the body is the occurred... Sight of an Elizabethan Physician in his strange clothing, especially the weird mask, was to! Wages and better working conditions from their new landlords safe for Theaters to re-open public is! Throughout Europe s plays ; t keep up the European climate plagues endemic stay England. The response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals accounts struck Bristol with shocking force to think of Elizabethan as... Within eight days a pocket full of posies, ashes, of Europe spread... Shortage, serf survivors were able to demand higher wages and better working conditions from their new landlords in.... Pocket full of posies, ashes, facts about the black plague in elizabethan england, ashes, ashes, of Europe to spread Africa the!